Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins function as key mediators of cytokine signaling and are critically involved in stem cell regulation, tissue regeneration, and immune responses in vertebrates. However, their roles in invertebrate regeneration, particularly in adult pluripotent stem cell systems like those of planarians, remain largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated the function of Djstat5, a STAT5 homolog in the planarian Dugesia japonica, and demonstrated that it is dynamically upregulated during the early regenerative phases. RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated knockdown of Djstat5 resulted in severe defects in tissue regeneration, including blastema hypoplasia, reduced mitotic activity, and diminished apoptosis. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that Djstat5 knockdown led to upregulation of Djnlrc3, a putative negative regulator of regeneration. Functional interaction between Djstat5 and Djnlrc3 was further supported by double RNAi experiments, which showed that co-knockdown of Djnlrc3 significantly rescued the regeneration defects induced by Djstat5 loss. Together, our findings establish Djstat5 as an essential regulator of planarian regeneration and provide new insights into conserved STAT-mediated signaling pathways in adult stem cell-based tissue regeneration.

A 71-year-old woman with a two-year history of a slowly deepening skin depression on her trunk was found to have atrophic dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP)—a rare variant of skin cancer that mimics benign conditions such as scars or morphea. The case highlights the importance of biopsying firm, persistent atrophic lesions, as early diagnosis and complete surgical excision are key to preventing local recurrence.

A UK Biobank study of 260,118 people finds that body clock imbalance is linked to a higher risk of psoriasis, with the highest risk in those who also have high genetic susceptibility.

As the largest ice sheet storage area in the world, Antarctica's gravity field characteristics are key data for studying ice sheet mass balance, sea level changes, and polar resource exploration. However, current gravity field modeling in polar regions faces two major challenges: First, the satellite orbital inclination limit (e.g., the GOCE mission has observation gaps within the latitude circle of 83.3°), which causes ill-posed problems in satellite gravity inversion. Although some studies have improved this using methods like Tikhonov regularization and spherical cap regularization, the applicability of different regularization methods in polar regions lacks systematic evaluation. Second, multi-source gravity data have frequency band limitations, and the study of frequency band characteristics in combined gravity models is relatively scarce. To address these issues, this paper utilizes international Antarctic airborne gravity datasets, including AntGG and PolarGap. It systematically evaluates the accuracy of six satellite gravity field models (such as DIR_R6 and GOCO06s) and five combined gravity models (such as EGM2008 and XGM2019e) in Antarctica, from both spatial and spectral perspectives. The study reveals the error distribution characteristics of different models in Antarctica and further quantifies the contribution characteristics of each model in different frequency bands. The results show that global gravity field models exhibit lower quality within the polar gap at the 83.3°S latitude circle, and introducing additional measurement data combined with regularization methods can significantly improve their accuracy. Additionally, among the combined gravity field models, the XGM2019e_2159 model performs best in Antarctica, and the inclusion of satellite altimetry data significantly improves its quality in oceanic regions. The findings of this study will provide experimental references for data selection and gravity field model optimization in Antarctic gravity field research.

A 66-year-old man with bullous pemphigoid experienced worsening skin lesions during dupilumab treatment. The true cause was crusted scabies—not a disease flare. The case reminds clinicians to consider scabies when immunosuppressed patients show persistent crusting or itching.

The commercialization of liquid lithium-ion batteries has revolutionized the consumer electronics industry. However, conventional lithium-ion batteries with graphite anodes and organic electrolytes are approaching their intrinsic performance limits and struggle to meet the growing demands for higher energy density, reliability, and safety in electric vehicles and large-scale energy storage. Solid-state batteries utilizing lithium or sodium metal anodes are considered promising next-generation energy storage solutions. Despite this potential, the formation of dendrites during charge–discharge cycling remains a critical challenge. Dendrite growth can initiate a destructive feedback loop of crack propagation and further dendrite intrusion, ultimately leading to battery failure and performance degradation. Previous studies have predominantly focused on single physical domains, such as electrochemical, stress, or thermal fields. However, such single-physics approach limits the understanding of dendrite evolution under realistic, coupled multiphysics conditions. This review first compares the morphological characteristics of dendrites in liquid and solid-state metal batteries. It then critically examines the key factors and predictive models of dendrite formation, initially from single-physics and subsequently from an integrated multiphysics perspective. Finally, strategies for mitigating dendrite growth via multiphysics field regulation are summarized. By establishing a comprehensive framework that integrates morphology evolution, multiphysics modeling, and suppression strategies, this work provides a foundational theoretical understanding for addressing dendrite formation in solid-state lithium and sodium metal batteries.

Electronic skin (e-skin), a stretchable, conformable, and multimodal sensing platform, is rapidly advancing in healthcare, robotics, and human–machine interaction (HMI). However, prolonged wear and sweat accumulation at the e-skin-skin interface can introduce signal artifacts, cause discomfort, and eventually lead to interfacial failure. Inspired by the unidirectional liquid transport of the Nepenthes peristome, we constructed an intelligent breathing e-skin (SPTL) featuring a Janus bilayer structure that creates a “liquid diode” effect for active sweat transport, achieving a remarkable cumulative one-way transport index of 956.36 while maintaining a dry interface even under profuse perspiration. This device exhibits a high tensile strain of 627%, a breathability of 20.02 mm s−1, and a pressure sensitivity of 7.39 kPa−1. Furthermore, the SPTL demonstrates versatile multimodal sensing capabilities, including real-time Morse code and non-contact capacitive sensing, while sustaining stable performance over 10,000 pressing cycles (capacitance decay < 3%). As a bio-integrated electrode, SPTL enables high-fidelity acquisition of electroencephalogram (EEG), electromyogram (EMG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, significantly outperforming commercial Ag/AgCl electrodes. Integrated with machine learning algorithms and EMG signals captured by the SPTL, it facilitates precise teleoperation of a quadruped robot and handwritten letter recognition with over 95% accuracy. This bionic strategy provides a versatile solution for intelligent, breathable, and multimodal bio-integrated interfaces.

Agrophotovoltaics (APV), as an innovative model integrating agricultural production with solar photovoltaic power generation, is an important pathway to address the dual pressures of food security and low-carbon energy. As the global energy transition accelerates and agricultural modernization advances, its advantages of “dual land use and food–energy co-production” have become increasingly prominent. It can achieve efficient land use while accommodating clean electricity output and crop growth, aligning with the needs of sustainable development. However, for a long time, traditional models have been constrained by bottlenecks such as imbalanced light distribution, lagging temperature and humidity regulation, inefficient manual operation and maintenance, and data fragmentation, making it difficult to balance energy and agricultural benefits and seriously hindering large-scale promotion.

The practical deployment of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries is hampered by the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and sluggish kinetics of sulfur redox reaction. While prevailing research focuses on maximizing the intrinsic activity of catalysts, the critical role of the host architecture in modulating the local reaction microenvironment remains overlooked. Herein, we report a facile ion-exchange strategy to synthesize double-shell hollow Prussian blue analogue derivative (Co_2.5Fe/NC) as advanced sulfur hosts by precisely controlling the Co/Fe molar ratio at 2.5. Finite element simulations and in situ diagnostics reveal that the double-shell structure orchestrates a self-propelled electrolyte flow within the nanoreactor during operation. This dynamic flow effectively mitigates the spatial concentration heterogeneity of LiPSs, especially near the catalysts, thereby preventing active material passivation and ensuring sustained high catalytic efficiency. Consequently, even with a catalyst of moderate intrinsic activity, the Co_2.5Fe/NC cathode achieves exceptional stability under lean electrolyte conditions (0.016% decay per cycle over 1000 cycles at 2 C). More importantly, an Ah-level pouch cell delivers a high energy density of 454.7 Wh kg⁻¹. This work shifts the paradigm from solely pursuing catalytic activity to designing host structures that intelligently manage the electrochemical microenvironment, offering a new avenue toward practical Li–S batteries.