Continuous monoculture often leads to soil-borne disease outbreaks, yet the microbial mechanisms behind this vulnerability remain poorly understood. 

Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a globally important tropical fruit valued for its nutrition and medicinal properties, yet its genetic diversity has been incompletely understood.

High-voltage lithium-ion batteries can deliver greater energy density but often suffer from severe electrolyte decomposition, transition-metal dissolution, and interfacial degradation—particularly under elevated temperatures. Researchers have now developed a kind of polyetherimide/polyimide (PEI/PI)-coated gradient-functional separator (PAP) that actively modulates interphasial solvation structures, forming a highly stable cathode–electrolyte interphase (CEI). This innovation enables lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) cells to operate at 4.6 V and 60 °C with markedly enhanced cycling stability, offering a promising pathway toward safer, high-energy-density batteries.