Researchers have demonstrated a way to drastically reduce the computing power needed to run large-scale optimization models while still producing near-optimal results.

About the Study: This randomized clinical trial examines 1-year safety and efficacy outcomes in patients who underwent intra-arterial thrombectomy or medical management following an acute ischemic stroke with large-core infarcts.

About the Study: Does the addition of high-dose vitamin D to standard treatment improve progression-free survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer? In this multicenter, double-blind phase 3 randomized clinical trial in patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer, the addition of high-dose vitamin D to standard treatment did not significantly improve progression-free survival compared with standard-dose vitamin D (median progression-free survival, 11.8 months vs 10.3 months, respectively). High-dose vitamin D did not improve progression-free survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.

About the Study: Can automated analysis of 1 to 2 minutes of connected speech yield interpretable profiles that distinguish primary progressive aphasia (PPA) variants and reflect neuroanatomical and neuropathologic substrates? In this cross-sectional study of 214 participants, Lasso multinomial modeling generated variant-specific speech profile scores that differentiated nonfluent PPA, logopenic PPA, and semantic PPA with high overall performance and showed expected atrophy associations. In an autopsy-confirmed subset, speech profiles also discriminated common neuropathologic classes. Results suggest that brief automated speech profiling may enable scalable, interpretable support for PPA differential diagnosis and monitoring.

About the Study: This Viewpoint explores how artificial intelligence may mitigate or exacerbate inequities in correctional health systems and outlines policy and implementation considerations necessary to ensure health equity for incarcerated populations.

About the Study: What are the first-pass success rates for tracheal intubations using video laryngoscopy with a Macintosh blade (VLM) or video laryngoscopy with a hyperangulated blade (VLH) in the operating room compared with direct laryngoscopy (DL)? In this randomized clinical trial involving 2532 adult patients, first-pass success rates were significantly higher for VLM (82.9%) and VLH (87.6%) than for DL (78.2%). The findings support the use of video laryngoscopy as a new standard of care for routine airway management.

About the Study: Does topical dexamethasone eye drop treatment reduce the progression of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) to severe disease requiring invasive treatment in preterm infants? In this randomized clinical trial of 100 preterm infants with severe ROP, treatment-requiring (type 1) ROP occurred in 20.0% of infants treated with dexamethasone eye drops compared with 38.0% of those treated with placebo. However, this difference did not reach statistical significance, and no differences in adverse events were observed. Topical dexamethasone may be a safe, noninvasive strategy to reduce progression to treatment-requiring ROP in extremely preterm infants.

About the Study: Is neonatal medical male circumcision (NMC) associated with child autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or autism-related traits and behaviors? In this cohort study of 2771 male children from 14 cohort sites in the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort, NMC was not associated with ASD diagnosis or autism-related traits and behaviors. These findings were robust after stratification by geographic region, preterm birth, and neonatal intensive care unit admission status; additionally, acetaminophen use during the procedure or in the neonatal period was uncommon (<5%). This study found no evidence that NMC is associated with an increased risk of ASD, which may provide reassurance for families who are considering or have elected NMC for their child.